The method detects two facets of drug-induced cytotoxicity i.e. the intracellular accumulation of phospholipids and of neutral lipids, i.e. phospholipidosis and steatosis respectively. The assay makes use of a kit containing an aqueous, red-fluorescent formulation of labelled phospholipids

This method assesses general cytotoxicity. Upon disruption of the cell membrane, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is released. LDH catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of reduced (NADH) and oxidized (NAD+) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The

Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 FT cells is a celline that is very easy to culture and is used to obtain high viral titers. “293” is a reference to the 293th experiment wherein the cell line was discovered. A transfection with an adenovirus type 5 DNA fragment took place, causing the cell line

The neutral red uptake assay is a cell viability assay that allows in vitro quantification of xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity. The assay relies on the ability of living cells to incorporate and bind neutral red, a weak cationic dye, in lysosomes. As such, cytotoxicity is expressed as a

HepG2 is a human hepatoma derived cell line, which are epithelial in morphology. It was established from liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian male with a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The HepG2 cell line is one of the most used human liver-based in vitro models. The cells

Cryopreserved differentiated HepaRG cells (obtained from Biopredic International) are derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma. These cells are an unique in vitro tool that provides reproducible results and exhibit many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes such as morphology,

By the use of monolayer cultures as a in vitro system, the effects of drugs on CYP3A activity can be evaluated. It relies on the use of a luminogenic CYP3A substrate, namely luciferin-6′-pentafluorobenzylether (luciferin- PFBE). Upon biotransformation by CYP3A, luciferin-PFBE is converted into

This method provides a new and easy to standardize enzymatic isolation protocol to obtain human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs). hUC-MSCs are obtained within 3 hours and the isolation method provides a minimal risk of bacterial contamination. The so-obtained hUC-MSCs

Liver functionality can be monitored by the urea synthesis. In culture medium the measurement of urea synthesis relies on a chromogenic reagent that specifically forms a colored complex with urea. The concentration of this complex between urea, o-phthalaldehyde and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine

Albumin secretion in the supernatant of in vitro cultures can be measured by a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay is based upon a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique and measures albumin in the culture medium of primary hepatocytes and/or hepatocyte like cells. Standards