Albumin secretion in the supernatant of in vitro cultures can be measured by a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay is based upon a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique and measures albumin in the culture medium of primary hepatocytes and/or hepatocyte like cells. Standards

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) express several key liver-specific transcription factors as well as hepatic progenitor markers. However, they still lack the hepatocyte nuclear factors 1-alpha (HNF1a) and 4-alpha (HNF4a), indispensable for their reprogramming

The Vitotox test is a high-throughput bacterial genotoxicity test. The test is based on bacteria that contain the lux operon of Vibrio fischeri under transcriptional control of the mutated recN promoter, which is controled by the bacterial SOS-system (TA 104-recN2-4 strain or Genox strain) .

The Alkaline Comet Assay is a microgel electrophoresis technique which allows to measure DNA damage (single and double strand breaks, alkali labile sites, incomplete excision repair sites and cross links) cell by cell. Cells are mixed with 0.8% Low Melting Point Agarose which is spread as a gel

The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase

The RT-qPCR assay is used to identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds. Herefore metabolic-competent human HepaRG cells are exposed to the IC10 value (measured by the MTT test). A microassay is performed to select 84 genes that show the most robust rates of correct classification of the

The Ames test is a short-term bacterial reverse mutation assay specifically designed to detect a wide range of chemical substances that can produce genetic damage that leads to permanent gene mutations. The test employs several histidine dependent Salmonella strains each carrying different

The neutral red uptake (NRU) assay provides a quantitative measurement of the number of viable cells. The test is based on the ability of living cells to take up and bind neutral red (NR), a dye which easily penetrates cell membranes via non-ionic diffusion. It accumulates in the lysosomes. Dying

Cultivated liver cells are fixed with 4 % (w/v) paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 10 minutes at room temperature and subsequently incubated for 15 minutes with 100 mM glycin solution, used to saturate reactive groups generated after PFA fixation. These cells are subsequently incubated for 10 minutes

Rat liver epithelial cells are cultivated at 100 % confluency on 100 µg/mL rat tail collagen type I coated culture dishes in base medium and sequentially exposed to hepatogenic growth factors and cytokines. Base medium consisted of William’s E medium without glutamine supplemented with 7.33 IE/mL