The culture of primary human synoviocytes provides an excellent cellular model for studying the normal and pathological physiology of synoviocytes and the development of joint diseases. Human primary synoviocytes can either be provided by commercial suppliers or isolated from fresh biological

A battery of in vitro genotoxicity assays is currently used to detect agents with DNA damaging and carcinogenic potential. Although the sensitivity of this battery of genotoxicity assays is high, the specificity is low (“false positive hit”), especially with the mammalian cell-based assay, compared